The mushroom of the nails on the legs is a common pathology, which is accompanied by unpleasant symptoms: anger or stratification of the nail plate, a change in its shadow, pain, itching and other negative sensations.What are the causes of the disease, what types and phases are?How to diagnose and eliminate damage to the nail plate?Is it possible to warn the pathological process?
What is the onychomicosis, for what reasons it presents itself
The fungus of the nails on the legs or onychomycosis is a disease caused by dermatophytes, mold, yeast and other varieties of mushrooms.This is a secondary infection that occurs after feet skin lesions.
The main factors that influence the development of pathology:
- age and sex of man;
- climatic conditions;
- concomitant diseases;
- profession.
The disease can occur for the following reasons:
- Humidity contributes to the rapid diffusion of the mushroom, especially if a person neglects the drying of the shoes;
- Visit a bathroom, swimming pool, a common soul without personal shoes, walking barefoot;
- non -compliance with the elementary rules of hygiene;
- Enter a favorable environment of dry mushroom particles, which are on the skin;
- Endocrine system pathologies, metabolic disorders;
- deformation of the foot and circulatory violation in it;
- Wear uncomfortable and inappropriate shoe size.
Variety of the mushroom and their characteristics
There are 3 main types of onychomycosis:
- Normorophic.This type is characterized by a change in the shadow of the nails, the appearance of strips and spots with a yellowish white.The shine and strength of the nail plate are preserved.
- Hypertrophic.The shadow of the nails is changing: they become opaque, thicker and more partially destroy.Very often, patients with such a disease are painful to walk.
- Onicicitico.The nail plate is intensely stained in gray and gradually rejected by the surrounding fabrics.
Variety of onychomycosis to the place of injury:
- distal (the nail is influenced to the free edge);
- Side damage to the sites on the sides;
- proximal: the rear roller is interested;
- Total: the entire nail plate suffers from illness.
The phases of the Onychomicosis, which accompany the symptoms
The mushroom of the nails on the legs does not defeat the phalanx immediately and completely, the disease gradually crosses several phases:
- early (initial);
- Launched (late).
At the beginning of a fungal disease, after a violation of the integrity of the skin of the feet, itchy sensations occur between the fingers, cracks and bubbles appear.Gradually, the infection affects different parts of the nail.In most situations, in an initial phase, the pathology cannot be diagnosed independently due to the lack of pronounced symptoms.Small strips and other interspersed on the nail plate are practically not visible to the naked eye.Laboratory diagnostics are shown.
The advanced phase is a large damage to the nail and the entire part of the phalanx.In the absence of timely treatment, there is a complete loss of the nail plate, compromised the integrity of the skin and the transition of harmful microorganisms that caused the infectious process to the hands.
The main symptoms of the advanced phase of the pathology: detachment and anger of the plate for nails, violation of its shape and thickness.The last phase of the disease is the complete destruction of the nail or its pronounced deformation, as well as the development of complications under the influence of a mushroom that requires long and complex therapy.
Diagnostic methods
To diagnose onychomycosis, you need to contact a dermatologist.The doctor will prescribe laboratory studies (mycological, microbiological and histological), will evaluate the results of the tests, symptoms and leads a survey and a personal examination of the patient.
Therapeutic tactics depend on the severity of the disease, its causes, concomitant symptoms and type of pathogen.The diagnosis is confirmed or refuted when using the wooden luminescent lamp.Differential diagnosis is carried out to distinguish between the mushroom from other diseases (psoriasis, eczema, liche plain red reds, etc.).
Characteristics of the treatment
Any fluctuations in the appearance of the nails (persistent and slowly progressive) of form, color, thickness, structural characteristics are the reason to immediately contact the dermatologist.First the patient begins the local treatment, less the probability that the use of funds for oral use is necessary, which act completely on all body systems.
Popular remedies have shown their effectiveness in the early stages of the Wholenomicosis and their use is welcomed by doctors.However, all procedures, pharmacological treatment, popular therapy should be agreed with the attending physician based on the results of the laboratory research and hardware, studying the anamnesis and evaluating the concomitant symptoms.
External use
If the disease has just started to develop actively and has not reached late phases with serious symptoms, we can limit ourselves to the application of local antifungal drugs.It is sufficient to apply a cream, a gel or a solution by pathological area a couple of times a day, morning and evening.
Before the local drug application, it is necessary to prepare the nail plates first.First of all, it is necessary to dip your feet in a solution of soap lists (in a half -pelvis with hot water, 1 tablespoon and 50 g of soap soap should be dissolved).Thanks to a bathroom so 15 minutes, the layers on the nails are significantly softened, which should be removed with scissors of manicures or tracks and fired with a file.
During processing, it is not necessary to use the same manicure devices for simultaneous assistance for patients and healthy nails.
In the early stages of the fungal damage, you can use special anti -ifying paints.The duration of the therapy is about a year.
Oral preparations
If the disease has exceeded the initial phase and develops every day, oral use of drugs in the form of a tablet is indicated.These drugs help to overcome the disease even in the most advanced phases.By penetrating the blood, the active components of the drugs fully affect all body systems, which does not allow the mushroom to penetrate the healthy organs.
Fisalization
An effective method of physiotherapy treatment is laser therapy.However, to obtain a persistent effect of laser therapy, this procedure is shown in combination with the intake of drugs: the laser is unable to kill the pharmacy without a pharmacy independently.Laser therapy helps prevent the relapse of the disease due to the penetration of rays in the deepest layers of the skin, reaching distant outbreaks of the lesion.
With advanced forms of onychomycosis, the electrochemical methods of the physiotherapy effects are effective.These are procedures such as electrophoresis and ionoforesis.Physiotherapy helps to penetrate drugs in the affected areas of the skin and in the destruction of a yeast and other varieties of mushrooms.
Surgical removal of the nail plate
Many experts recommend surgical removal of the plate for nails damaged by a mushroom if the disease is in an advanced stage, while other methods have shown their inefficiency.The operation is performed on an outpatient basis or hospital with preliminary anesthesia.
Possible complications after surgery:
- Pain;
- penetration of the infection in the wound;
- Further growth of irregular -shaped nails.
The realization of surgery is contraindicated in people:
- with slowly healing wounds;
- have lameness;
- With bad filling capillaries with blood confirmed by diagnostic studies.
Recommendations after the operation:
- Do not load your fingers for several days;
- Do not wet the bandage for a week;
- Avoid tight shoes;
- Take the wound regularly with an antiseptic, prepare the medications;
- Periodically visit a dermatologist to evaluate the quality of the treatment and prevent the impact of the disease.People of people
Specialists also welcome treatment with popular remedies.The main condition is a preliminary consultation with the attending physician for the calculation of the dosages and the reception of recommendations.
Effective popular remedies for the nail fungus:
- Vinegar.Harmful microorganisms that cause a death of a pathological process in an acidic environment.It is sufficient to make vinegar bathrooms every day (water at room temperature with vinegar in a proportion of 8: 1) for 15 minutes.Before the procedure, you should steam your legs.
- Propolis.The tool is effective only with systematic use.You should take a 25%tincture of bees, moisten a cotton pad, attach yourself to the pathological site and fix the gauze bandage at night.
- Iodine.This is the simplest and most effective method for treating the nail plates mushroom.On well washed and dry nails, iodine should be applied with a cotton swab, which affects only the damaged area of the nail.Therapy should last about a month.
- Soda.In 2 liters of hot water, 1 tablespoon must be dissolved.the.soda.In such a bathroom, you have to keep your legs for about 15 minutes.
- Essential oils.The maximum efficiency was shown by the oil tree oil.The substance must be rubbed in the damaged nail plate 2 times a day for at least 3 weeks.
- Herbal products.The most effective are the following herbs: curtains, thyme, burdock, golden mustache.
Errors in the treatment and their consequences
3 common errors made by many patients during the treatment of omicomicosis:
- drugs improperly prescribed;
- obsolete approach to treatment;
- Failure to measure preventive measures to prevent infection.
The fungus of the nails on the legs with insufficient treatment or its absence can cause eczema, lymphostasis, attachment of a bacterial infection with the development of inflammation, the complete loss of the nail plate, the inflammatory process in the lower ends and other pathologies.If the fungal infection spreads throughout the nail plate, it is urgent to start treatment to avoid the appearance of complications.If the patient has a strong immunity and there are no pronounced symptoms of onychomycosis, the body is able to cope with the infection without external help.
Preventive measures
In order to prevent the appearance of onychomycosis, it is necessary to join the following rules:
- Wash the legs every day with hot water with soap or other skin washes;
- Use a pumice or a special brush to remove the layers of keratinized and dead skin;
- Clean your legs well after washing, paying particular attention to the intervals between your fingers;
- Start a separate towel for the legs, wash them regularly at high temperatures;
- Use Talco and other cosmetics for the intensive sweating of the legs;
- Do not neglect the rules of personal hygiene, especially after physical effort and in the hot season;
- Choose comfortable shoes made with natural materials, of size, which do not rub and compress the phalanges of the toes;
- After wearing, giving shoes to dry from humidity;
- Do not wear socks and shoes on wet legs;
- In the rain or snow, shoes always changes, falling into a hot dry room.
The fight against the nail mushroom should start, armed with knowledge in this regard.Thanks to this selection, you can independently decide the pathogen, the location and the severity of the icydomicosis and start to take some actions in time.